摘 要 根据综采放顶煤工作面的通风阻力及其通风网络等势图，采用释放示踪气体SF6技术，确定了综放面进风隅角采空区的漏风风速和采场漏风量及其分布状态。测定了采空区气体浓度和温度的分布状况，划分了采空区煤炭氧化三带范围。煤炭氧化自燃模拟试验证明：常温下煤氧复合的自由基反应生成大量的CO、CO2气体，所产生的热量使采空区煤岩温度升高10℃。保证采空区流体动力相似，便可满足采空区注氮模拟条件。对200m长的综放面采空区注氮，难以取得有效的惰化效果。综放面无煤柱开采的邻近老空区漏风及自燃发火危险大，应在漏风源处注氮，配合堵漏和均压措施，彻底惰化漏风源。
关键词 综采 漏风 自燃 注氮 防灭火
PREDICTION AND CONTROL OF SPONTANEOUS
COMBUSTION IN WORKING FACES
Luo Xinrong Jiang Shuguang Li Zenghua
(China University of Mining Technology)
Zhang Yingdi Xu Boyun Wang Chunyao
(Dongtan Coal Mine)
Abstract：Measured ventilation resistance and isobar in mining areas,the leakage rate in intake goaf and the distribution of air leakage in mining areas were determined by instantaneous and steady liberation of trace gas SF6.Gas concentration and temperature are measured and three oxidation areas in goaf are determined.According to oxidation experiment of coal and in-situ measurements,the CO and CO2 can be produced largely by coal and oxygen combination at ambient temperature and the temperature of coal and rock in goaf can rise 10℃ due to heat produced by coal and oxygen combination.The analysis shows that the conditions of the nitrogen-injection modeling can be well satisfied if hydrodynamic similarity is pledged to the model.The research shows that nitrogen injection is noneffective for a 200 m long goaf and that there is a great danger of spontaneous combustion because of air leakage for pillarless mining.It is very important to inject nitrogen at the location of air leakage and to take the measures of blocking leakage and eliminating pressure difference.
Keywords：Fully-mechanized mining，Air leakage，Spontaneous combustion，Nitrogen injecting，Fire
东滩煤矿井深710m，地温30～33℃，主采3号煤层自燃发火严重，属一级自燃危险矿井。近年来，东滩煤矿推行综采放顶煤新工艺，年产量从220万t提高到540万t，实现了综放面高产高效。综放面采用后退式“U”型通风，实行无煤柱开采。采场进风巷或回风巷及采空区与邻近老空区连成一片，构成复杂的漏风形式，直接影响采空区氧化三带的分布及其自燃发火性。综放面顺槽沿底板掘进，有些地方顶煤离层或冒落严重。工作面“两道”和端头支架不放煤，使采空区“两道”遗留6～8m宽、3～6m厚的浮煤。一次采高2.8m，放顶煤3～6m，使采空区一次冒落区增大，遗煤增多，采场漏风增大。工作面顺槽和相邻采空区自然发火危险大。通过测定采场通风等势图及漏风、采空区氧化三带和采空区注氮模拟实验、煤炭氧化自燃模拟实验，查清了东滩煤矿综放面采空区余煤氧化三带范围及自燃发火危险性，制定了合理的控制方法，保障了综放面高产高效。
1 综放面采场通风网络等势图与漏风研究
